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    • Figure 1. 

      Protocol for an efficient genetic transformation system in B. juncea. (a) The RUBY overexpression vector. The RUBY gene driven by the 35S promoter is co-expressed with the spc gene controlled by the nopaline synthase (NOS) promoter. (b)−(i) Genetic transformation procedure. (b) 6-d-old seedlings of B. juncea; (c) explant preparation; (d) cocultivation; (e) seedlings developing positive roots; (f) culture of positive root segments; (g). induction of callus from positive roots; (h) shoot regeneration from positive callus; (i) acclimatization of positive seedlings) (j)−(l) Phenotypic comparison of wild-type and transgenic RUBY overexpression plants from Line 50#. (j) Wild-type plant; (k) RUBY transgenic plant. (l) Comparison of leaves between the RUBY transgenic plant and the wild-type) (m),(n) Phenotypic comparison of wild-type and transgenic RUBY overexpression plants from Line 89#. (m) Wild-type plant; (n) RUBY transgenic plant). (o) Expression level of the RUBY gene in wild-type and the transgenic lines.