Figures (2)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Maximum likelihood phylogram of Tuber inferred from a dataset (ITS-nrLSU-tef1-α-rpb2), showing the phylogenetic relationship of the new species described in this study. Bootstrap support values over 80% of maximum likelihood (BS, left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities over 0.90 (PP, right) are mentioned on the nodes. The scale bar represents the number of mutations per site. The new species is shown in bold.

    • Figure 2. 

      Tuber chuxiongense (HKAS 148947, holotype). (a) Gleba and ascoma appearance. (b) Surface ascomata after drying. (c) Peridium hyphal arrangements in 10% KOH. (d, e) Asci and ascospores in 10% KOH. (f) Ascospore under scanning electron microscopy. Scale bars: a = 1 cm, b = 1 mm, c = 100 μm, d and e = 20 μm, f = 2 μm.

    • Species name Voucher/strain GenBank accession numbers Ref.
      nrLSU ITS tef1-α rpb2
      Choiromyces alveolatus MES97 JQ925660 HM485332 − JQ954470 [30]
      Choiromyces meandriformis RH691 − HM485330 JX022550 JQ954471 [31]
      Labyrinthomyces sp. JT27750 JQ925670 HM485335 − JQ954480 [31]
      Tuber aestivum GB202 JQ925679 − JX022565 JQ954487 [30]
      Tuber aestivum JT30500 − HM485340 − JQ954488 [31]
      Tuber anniae BJTC FAN640 OM366215 OM286868 OM649620 OM584274 [9]
      Tuber anniae JT13209, holotype JQ925680 HM485338 JX022567 − [30]
      Tuber anniae JT22695 JQ925681 HM485339 JX022568 − [30]
      Tuber badium BJTC FAN371 OM366192 OM256747 OM649597 OM584255 [9]
      Tuber badium BJTC FAN381 OM366193 OM256748 OM649598 OM584256 [9]
      Tuber baoshanense BJTC FAN400 OM366197 OM256791 OM649602 OM584260 [9]
      Tuber beyeleri JT32597, holotype JF419286 HM485408 JX022570 JQ954491 [31]
      Tuber bomiense BJTC FAN467 OM366206 OM265247 OM649611 − [9]
      Tuber borchii BJTC FAN217 KT067706 KT067681 KT067717 OM584229 [9,10]
      Tuber borchii GB1/GB32 FJ809799 FJ809852 JX022571 JQ954492 [30,32]
      Tuber brumale GB52 JQ925683 HM485345 − JQ954494 [30,31]
      Tuber brumale GB53 JQ925684 FJ748900 − JQ954495 [30,33]
      Tuber californicum JT28058 JQ925685 HM485346 JX022574 JQ954496 [30,31]
      Tuber calosporum BJTC FAN301 OM366182 OM246568 OM649586 OM584242 [9]
      Tuber calosporum BJTC FAN418 OM366202 OM246573 OM649607 OM584265 [9]
      Tuber canaliculatum JT28215 − JQ925643 JX022575 JQ954497 [30]
      Tuber canaliculatum OSC59072 − HM485347 JX022576 JQ954498 [30,31]
      Tuber caoi BJTC FAN271, holotype KP276197 KP276183 KP276216 OM584237 [9,11]
      Tuber caoi BJTC FAN293 KP276198 KP276182 KP276217 OM584240 [9,11]
      Tuber chuxiongense HKAS 148947, holotype PX247850 PX245746 PX512137 PX310545 This study
      Tuber chuxiongense HKAS 148948 PX247851 PX245747 PX512138 − This study
      Tuber crassitunicatum BJTC FAN465, holotype OM366205 MH115295 OM649610 OM584268 [9,13]
      Tuber depressum BJTC FAN340 OM366187 OM256744 OM649592 OM584250 [9]
      Tuber depressum BJTC FAN534 OM366211 OM256764 OM649616 − [9]
      Tuber dryophilum GB37 JQ925688 HM485354 JX022578 JQ954501 [30,31]
      Tuber elevatireticulatum XTAM3, holotype LC425121 MF540618 − − [34]
      Tuber excavatum A-OSC80639 JQ925690 HM485355 − − [30,31]
      Tuber excelsum-reticulatum BJTC FAN755, paratype OM366217 OM265262 OM649624 OM584278 [9]
      Tuber excelsum-reticulatum BJTC FAN758 OM366218 OM265264 OM649625 OM584279 [9]
      Tuber excelsum-reticulatum BJTC FAN863, holotype OM366224 OM265272 OM649631 OM584281 [9]
      Tuber flavidosporum K213, holotype AB553520 AB553446 AB553540 AB553560 [35]
      Tuber formosanum BJTC FAN107 OM366159 MF621549 OM649564 OM584210 [9]
      Tuber formosanum BJTC FAN356 OM366189 MF627986 OM649594 OM584252 [9]
      Tuber fulgens M2435 JQ925691 HM485358 JX022580 − [30,31]
      Tuber gennadii BM667 − HM485359 JX022581 JQ954502 [30,31]
      Tuber gennadii JT9627, paratype JQ925692 HM485360 JX022582 JQ954503 [31]
      Tuber gennadii M1904 JQ925693 HM485361 JX022583 JQ954504 [31]
      Tuber gibbosum JT26632 FJ809862 FJ809862 JX022584 JQ954505 [30,32]
      Tuber gibbosum JT30580 FJ809868 FJ809868 JX022585 JQ954506 [32]
      Tuber glabrum BJTC FAN228, holotype OM366177 KF002731 OM649581 OM584234 [9]
      Tuber glabrum BJTC FAN232, paratype OM366179 KF002727 OM649583 OM584236 [9]
      Tuber griseolivaceum BJTC FAN469, holotype OM366207 KY428921 OM649612 − [36]
      Tuber huidongense BJTC FAN101 OM366156 OM311172 OM649562 OM584208 [9]
      Tuber huidongense BJTC FAN104 OM366158 JF921163 OM649563 OM584209 [9]
      Tuber huiliense BJTC FAN288 OM366181 OM256781 OM649585 OM584238 [9]
      Tuber huizeanum BJTC FAN186, holotype OM366170 JQ910651 OM649575 − [9]
      Tuber huizeanum BJTC FAN313 KT067691 KT067684 KT067715 OM584245 [9,10]
      Tuber huizeanum BJTC FAN314 KT067692 KT067685 OM649588 OM584246 [10]
      Tuber humilireticulatum BJTC FAN174, holotype OM366168 KT067677 KT067724 OM584224 [10]
      Tuber humilireticulatum BJTC FAN189 OM366171 KT067689 KT067718 OM584226 [10]
      Tuber japonicum K228, paratype AB553519 AB553434 AB553539 AB553559 [35]
      Tuber jinshajiangense BJTC FAN406 OM366199 KX575841 OM649604 OM584262 [37]
      Tuber jinshajiangense BJTC FAN407 OM366200 KX575842 OM649605 OM584263 [37]
      Tuber huidongense SDBR-CMU-MTUF006, holotype KU207732 KT758730 − − Unpublished
      Tuber latisporum BJTC FAN125 KT067695 KT067676 KT067725 OM584214 [10]
      Tuber latisporum BJTC FAN126 KP276204 KP276189 KP276205 OM584215 [11]
      Tuber liaotongense BJTC FAN550 OM366213 MH115302 OM649618 OM584272 [13]
      Tuber lijiangense BJTC FAN307 KP276203 KP276188 KP276206 OM584244 [11]
      Tuber lishanense BJTC FAN718, holotype MH115304 MH115303 OM649622 OM584276 [13]
      Tuber lishanense BJTCFAN683 MH115306 MH115305 OM649621 OM584275 [13]
      Tuber liyuanum BJTC FAN162, holotype KT067698 JQ771191 KT067710 OM584218 [38]
      Tuber longispinosum K225 AB553518 AB553414 AB553538 AB553558 [35]
      Tuber luyashanense BJTC FAN1031, holotype OM366157 OM256769 OM649637 − [9]
      Tuber luyashanense BJTC FAN776 OM366219 OM256803 OM649626 − [9]
      Tuber luyashanense BJTC FAN803, paratype OM366220 OM256771 OM649627 − [9]
      Tuber luyashanense BJTC FAN830 OM366221 OM256821 OM649628 − [9]
      Tuber lyonii GB108 JQ925698 FJ748910 − JQ954510 [30,33]
      Tuber macrosporum JT13362 FJ809838 HM485373 JX022590 − [32]
      Tuber maculatum BJTC FAN868 OM366227 OM265274 OM649634 OM584283 [9]
      Tuber maculatum BJTC FAN876 OM366228 OM265278 OM649635 OM584284 [9]
      Tuber magnameshanum BJTC FAN537 OM366212 OM256767 OM649617 − [9]
      Tuber magnatum GB12 JQ925700 JQ925645 JX022591 JQ954512 [30]
      Tuber magnatum GB13 JQ925701 JQ925646 JX022592 JQ954513 [30]
      Tuber malacodermum JT32319 JQ925702 FJ809889 JX022593 JQ954514 [32]
      Tuber melanosporum GB200 JQ925703 FJ748904 JX022594 JQ954515 [32]
      Tuber mexiusanum ITCV181 JF419293 HM485411 JX022602 − [31]
      Tuber microcarpum BJTC FAN848 OM366223 OM256829 OM649630 − [9]
      Tuber microcarpum BJTC FAN866, holotype OM366225 OM256770 OM649632 OM584282 [9]
      Tuber microcarpum BJTC FAN867 OM366226 OM256831 OM649633 − [9]
      Tuber miquihuanense ITCV885 JF419292 HM485414 JX022603 − [31]
      Tuber multimaculatum OSC62169, paratype JQ925705 HM485377 JX022596 − [31]
      Tuber neoexcavatum BJTC FAN184, holotype OM366169 JX458715 OM649574 − [9]
      Tuber neoexcavatum BJTC FAN316 OM366184 OM256741 OM649589 OM584247 [9]
      Tuber nitidum BM105 FJ809807 FJ809885 JX022597 JQ954517 [32]
      Tuber oligospermum AH38984 JN392320 JN392261 − − Unpublished
      Tuber oregonense GB284, holotype FJ809874 FJ809874 − JQ954518 [32]
      Tuber parvomurphium BJTC FAN298, holotype KP276190 KP276186 KP276214 OM584241 [11]
      Tuber pseudobrumale BJTC FAN306 OM366183 OM287838 OM649587 OM584243 [9]
      Tuber pseudobrumale BJTC FAN322 OM366186 OM287839 OM649591 OM584249 [9]
      Tuber pseudofulgens BJTC FAN368 OM366191 OM256745 OM649596 OM584254 [9]
      Tuber pseudofulgens BJTC FAN388 OM366194 OM256755 OM649599 OM584257 [9]
      Tuber pseudofulgens BJTC FAN399, holotype OM366196 OM256757 OM649601 OM584259 [9]
      Tuber pseudohimalayaense BJTC FAN122 OM366162 MF627983 OM649567 OM584213 [9]
      Tuber pseudomaganatum BJTC FAN163, holotype KP276192 JQ771192 KP276208 OM584219 [11]
      Tuber pseudomaganatum BJTC FAN391 OM366195 OM265244 OM649600 OM584258 [9]
      Tuber pseudosphaerosporum BJTC FAN250, holotype OM366180 KF744063 OM649584 − [39]
      Tuber shearii OSC51052 JF419280 HM485389 − JQ954521 [31]
      Tuber shii BJTC FAN405 OM366198 KX555453 OM649603 OM584261 [37]
      Tuber shii BJTC FAN409, holotype OM366201 KX555454 OM649606 OM584264 [37]
      Tuber shii BJTC FAN431 OM366204 KX555462 OM649609 OM584267 [37]
      Tuber sinense BJTC FAN108 OM366160 MF627968 OM649565 OM584211 [9]
      Tuber sinense BJTC FAN110 OM366161 MF627970 OM649566 OM584212 [9]
      Tuber sinoaestivum BJTC FAN487 OM366209 OM256773 OM649614 OM584270 [9]
      Tuber sinoaestivum BJTC FAN522 OM366210 OM256774 OM649615 OM584271 [9]
      Tuber sinoborchii BJTC FAN169 OM366166 OM286800 OM649572 OM584222 [9]
      Tuber sinoborchii BJTC FAN171, holotype OM366167 OM286802 OM649573 OM584223 [9]
      Tuber sinoexcavatum BJTC FAN130, holotype OM366163 JX458717 OM649568 OM584216 [9]
      Tuber sinoexcavatum BJTC FAN166 OM366165 JX458718 OM649571 OM584221 [9]
      Tuber sinosphaerosporum BJTC FAN135, holotype KP276195 JX092086 OM649569 OM584217 [11]
      Tuber sp. 1_Japan K201 AB553512 AB553344 AB553532 AB553552 [35]
      Tuber sp. 11_Japan K131 − AB553456 AB553542 AB553562 [35]
      Tuber sp. 12_Japan K184 AB553523 AB553458 AB553543 AB553563 [35]
      Tuber huidongense K217 AB553514 AB553372 AB553534 AB553554 [35]
      Tuber sp. 4_Japan K109-2 AB553515 AB553379 AB553535 AB553555 [35]
      Tuber sp. 79 ITCV910 JQ925710 JQ925649 JX022612 JQ954522 [30]
      Tuber sp. CHN-1 BJTC FAN190 OM366172 OM256778 OM649576 OM584227 [9]
      Tuber sp. CHN-16 BJTC FAN986 OM366229 OM311257 OM649636 OM584285 [9]
      Tuber sp. 14_Japan K186 AB553525 AB553464 AB553545 AB553565 [35]
      Tuber sp. 16_Japan K221 AB553527 AB553466 AB553547 AB553567 [35]
      Tuber sp. 17_Japan N35 AB553528 AB553467 AB553548 AB553568 [35]
      Tuber sphaerospermum AH39184 JN392306 JN392247 − − [40]
      Tuber sphaerosporum JT12487 FJ809853 FJ809853 JX022609 − [32]
      Tuber spinoreticulatum U188, isotype FJ809815 FJ809884 JX022608 JQ954527 [32]
      Tuber subglobosum BJTC FAN222 OM366175 KF002728 OM649579 OM584232 [41]
      Tuber taiyuanense BJTC FAN164 OM366164 OM311182 OM649570 OM584220 [9]
      Tuber taiyuanense BJTC FAN220 OM366174 MH115315 OM649578 OM584231 [13]
      Tuber taiyuanense BJTC FAN225 OM366176 MH115325 OM649580 OM584233 [13]
      Tuber turmericum BJTC FAN471 OM366208 KT758835 OM649613 OM584269 [42]
      Tuber umbilicatum BJTC FAN212 OM366173 OM311201 OM649577 OM584228 [42]
      Tuber umbilicatum BJTC FAN230 OM366178 OM311205 OM649582 OM584235 [9]
      Tuber umbilicatum BJTC FAN317 OM366185 OM311216 OM649590 OM584248 [9]
      Tuber umbilicatum BJTC FAN344 OM366188 OM311220 OM649593 OM584251 [9]
      Tuber umbilicatum BJTC FAN428 OM366203 OM311229 OM649608 OM584266 [9]
      Tuber variabilisporum BJTC FAN362, holotype OM366190 OM287845 OM649595 OM584253 [9]
      Tuber verrucosivolvum HKAS 88863, holotype KY013650 KX904887 − − [14]
      Tuber wenchuanense BJTC FAN833 OM366222 OM311256 OM649629 OM584280 [9]
      Tuber wumengense BJTC FAN218A, holotype KT067707 KT067682 KT067714 OM584230 [10]
      Tuber wumengense BJTC FAN292 KT067709 KT067683 KT067716 OM584239 [9]
      Tuber xuanhuaense BJTC FAN618 OM366214 MK045627 OM649619 OM584273 [9]
      Tuber yigongense BJTC FAN729 − MF663716 OM649623 OM584277 [9]
      Tuber yigongense BJTC FAN731, holotype OM366216 MF663714 − − [9]
      Tuber zhongdianense BJTC FAN178 KT067701 KT067679 KT067722 OM584225 [10]
      Taxa information of the newly produced sequences in this study is shown in bold.

      Table 1. 

      Taxa information and GenBank accession numbers of the Tuber specimens used in the phylogenetic study.