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Figure 1. 

Schematic diagram of planar array antenna radiation.

Figure 2. 

r₀ and η_b as a function of L/λ at 10, 37, and 90 GHz when maximum electric fields occur on the z-axis at a distance of 100 m. (a) r₀ as a function of L/λ and (b) η_b as a function of L/λ.

Figure 3. 

Power transmission properties with optimized focal distances at 37 and 90 GHz. (a) Electric field along the z-axis at 37 GHz, (b) electric field along z-axis at 90 GHz, (c) η_b vs z at 37 GHz, (d) η_b vs z at 90 GHz, (e) field distribution on yoz plane at 37 GHz, (f) field distribution on yoz plane at 90 GHz, and (g) r_0.8 vs z at 37 GHz under different beam parameters.

Figure 4. 

Beam efficiency as a function of z obtained by five random tests considering phase error in initial phase distribution. (a) σ = 10, and (b) σ = 15.

Figure 5. 

Geometry of the horn and antenna aperture. (a) Boresight feed, and (b) offset feed.

Figure 6. 

Field distribution on yoz plane at 37 GHz for offset feed. (a) θ = 1°, (b) θ = 2.5°, and (c) θ = 5°.

Figure 7. 

η_b as a function of z at 37 GHz for offset feed. (a) θ = 1°, and (b) θ = 2.5°.

Figure 8. 

Electric field distribution along horizontal x-axis and vertical direction in receiving aperture with θ = 1° and z = 50 m. (a) Along the horizontal x-axis, and (b) along the vertical direction.

Figure 9. 

Deviation of initial phase distribution caused by offset horn (a) θ = 1°, and (b) θ = 2.5°.

Figure 10. 

Validation of theoretical model by comparisons with results in the work by Lipworth et al.^[13], and Wen et al.^[14]. η = η₁η_b, and η = η₁η_bη_2. The values of η₁ and η₂ are obtained from the studies by Lipworth et al., and Wen et al.

Figure 11. 

Simulation models in a CST microwave studio. (a) Geometrical structure of unit-cell, and (b) whole reflect-array antenna.

Figure 12. 

Reflect-array antenna for experimental demonstration. (a) Practical antenna, and (b) experimental setup.

Figure 13. 

Radiation patterns of reflect-array antenna. (a) H-plane pattern, and (b) E-plane pattern.

Figure 14. 

Distributions of magnitude of electric field along the z-axis obtained by experimental and theoretical results.