Nutritional status is associated with petal number variation and <i>LtdyAP1</i> expression in double-flowered lily

Zongyang Jin; Xiangfeng Kong; Tiangeng Gong; Li Gao; Runkai Zheng; Ningya Chen; Guixia Jia; Zongyang Jin; Xiangfeng Kong; Tiangeng Gong; Li Gao; Runkai Zheng; Ningya Chen; Guixia Jia

doi:10.48130/opr-0026-0018

Figures (5) Tables (4)

Figure 1.
Bulbs with different circumferences.
Figure 2.
Typical floral organs of 'Tiny Double You'.
Figure 3.
Floral traits with different flowering sequences for 14–16 cm and 12–14 cm bulbs. Note: 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th represented the first, second, third, and fourth flowers, respectively.
Figure 4.
Changes of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and soluble protein content in bulbs of different circumferences during cold storage.
Figure 5.
Expression patterns of ABCE genes for different size bulbs and fertilization treatments. Error bars indicate means ± SDs (n = 3). Different letters above the columns indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

Bulb circumference (cm)	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (mm)	Leaf length (mm)	Leaf width (mm)	Number of leaves	Number of flowers
14–16	67.79 ± 3.98^a	8.62 ± 0.54^a	94.80 ± 11.75^a	12.06 ± 1.72^a	74.48 ± 5.23^a	5.14 ± 0.79^a
12–14	67.56 ± 4.44^a	7.50 ± 0.39^b	95.64 ± 7.85^a	10.70 ± 0.99^ab	64.16 ± 6.18^b	4.23 ± 0.94^b
10–12	54.40 ± 4.31^b	5.94 ± 0.87^c	93.68 ± 9.00^a	10.30 ± 1.38^bc	45.10 ± 4.59^c	2.35 ± 1.25^c
8–10	53.60 ± 6.36^b	5.03 ± 0.55^d	83.34 ± 12.22^b	9.30 ± 0.89^d	43.26 ± 4.42^c	1.30 ± 0.56^d
10–12*	45.37 ± 4.49^d	5.77 ± 0.57^c	91.25 ± 12.33^a	10.18 ± 1.16^bc	44.66 ± 5.47^c	2.16 ± 1.03^c
8–10*	48.77 ± 6.30^c	5.01 ± 0.69^d	82.13 ± 12.71^b	9.78 ± 1.38^cd	44.24 ± 6.77^c	1.37 ± 0.51^d
Note: asterisks indicated the fertilization treatments. Data were mean ± SD, different letters indicated significant differences (p < 0.05).

Table 1.

Growth traits and number of flowers under different bulb circumferences and fertilization treatments.

Bulb circumference (cm)	Flowering (%)	1 flower rate (%)	2 flowers rate (%)	3 flowers rate (%)	> 4 flowers rate (%)
14–16	100	0	0	9.5	90.5
12–14	100	0	0	33.3	66.7
10–12	94	34	34	25.6	6.4
8–10	48.9	78.3	17.4	4.3	0
10–12*	100	27.3	49.1	20	3.6
8–10*	71.2	81.1	16.2	2.7	0
Asterisks indicate the fertilization treatments; data are means.

Table 2.

The flowering rate and flower number of different bulb sizes and treatments.

Traits	Bulb circumference(cm)
Traits	14–16	12–14	10–12	8–10	10–12 *	8–10*
Total number of floral organs	18.05 ± 1.17^a	17.77 ± 1.34^ab	16.74 ± 1.56^c	15.13 ± 1.57^d	16.95 ± 1.48^bc	15.37 ± 2.02^d
Number of normal petals	9.24 ± 0.44^a	9.00 ± 0.00^a	8.28 ± 1.15^bc	7.61 ± 1.44^cd	8.65 ± 0.84^ab	7.51 ± 1.43^cd
Number of petaloid stamens	3.95 ± 1.02^a	4.20 ± 1.42^a	3.96 ± 1.33^a	2.91 ± 1.44^b	4.24 ± 1.29^a	4.02 ± 1.52^a
Number of stamens	4.86 ± 1.53^a	4.57 ± 1.57^a	4.51 ± 1.49^a	4.60 ± 1.56^a	4.06 ± 1.47^a	3.84 ± 1.66^a
Flower diameter (cm)	10.19 ± 9.67^a	9.24 ± 10.4^bc	9.32 ± 10.63^bc	8.63 ± 9.01^c	9.60 ± 12.24^ab	9.000 ± 9.16^bc
Outer perianth length (mm)	62.11 ± 4.69^a	60.92 ± 3.54^ab	57.42 ± 4.93^c	56.72 ± 3.04^c	58.66 ± 4.78^bc	57.32 ± 4.52^c
Outer perianth width (mm)	25.52 ± 1.74^a	23.17 ± 1.76^b	21.96 ± 2.06^bc	21.55 ± 1.79^c	21.80 ± 1.71^c	21.59 ± 2.30^c
Inner perianth length (mm)	62.45 ± 4.89^a	58.58 ± 6.17^ab	56.74 ± 6.59^b	56.26 ± 3.28^b	57.64 ± 7.74^b	57.45 ± 5.87^b
Inner perianth width (mm)	29.90 ± 2.60^a	28.14 ± 2.41^b	28.67 ± 2.43^ab	27.13 ± 3.03^b	27.92 ± 2.68^b	27.46 ± 2.59^b
Stylus length (mm)	24.90 ± 3.52^a	23.71 ± 2.42^ab	22.38 ± 3.74^b	22.23 ± 2.84^b	22.50 ± 2.67^b	22.00 ± 2.99^b
Filament length (mm)	33.98 ± 2.97^a	32.76 ± 3.52^a	32.60 ± 3.60^a	32.38 ± 2.80^a	32.00 ± 4.28^a	33.32 ± 3.62^a
Ovary length (mm)	14.44 ± 1.26^ab	14.52 ± 1.00^ab	14.68 ± 0.92^a	13.80 ± 1.23^b	14.67 ± 1.00^a	14.34 ± 1.16^ab
Ovary width (mm)	4.76 ± 0.37^a	4.69 ± 0.52^a	4.88 ± 0.58^a	4.93 ± 0.34^a	4.83 ± 0.54^a	4.84 ± 0.52^a
Asterisks indicate the fertilization treatments; data are mean ± SD. Different letters indicated significant differences (p < 0.05).

Table 3.

Flower morphological traits of the first flower under different bulb size and fertilization treatments.

Traits	Flowering sequence for 14–16 cm				Flowering sequence for 12–14 cm
Traits	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	4^th	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	4^th
Total number of floral organs	18.05 ± 1.17^a	17.71 ± 1.01^ab	17.52 ± 0.87^ab	16.79 ± 1.65^b	17.77 ± 1.14^a	17.50 ± 1.20^a	16.93 ± 1.80^a	15.85 ± 1.39^b
Number of normal petals	9.24 ± 0.44^a	9.19 ± 0.40^a	8.57 ± 1.08^a	7.63 ± 1.38^b	9.00 ± 0.00^a	9.00 ± 0.74^a	8.10 ± 1.37^b	6.70 ± 1.17^c
Number of petaloid stamens	3.95 ± 1.02^a	3.95 ± 1.32^a	3.48 ± 1.08^a	3.58 ± 1.17^a	4.20 ± 1.42^a	3.93 ± 1.28^a	3.83 ± 1.09^a	3.75 ± 1.48^a
Number of stamens	4.86 ± 1.53^a	4.57 ± 1.47^a	5.48 ± 1.25^a	5.58 ± 1.21^a	4.57 ± 1.57^a	4.57 ± 1.28^a	5.00 ± 1.23^a	5.40 ± 1.31^a
Flower diameter (cm)	10.19 ± 9.67^a	10.14 ± 9.15^a	9.92 ± 9.75^a	9.64 ± 11.61^a	9.24 ± 10.40^ab	9.46 ± 8.89^a	9.02 ± 11.19^ab	8.70 ± 10.54^b
Outer petal length (mm)	62.11 ± 4.69^a	61.70 ± 5.04^a	61.09 ± 6.92^a	60.06 ± 4.07^a	60.92 ± 3.54^a	60.40 ± 4.15^a	58.92 ± 3.84^a	58.28 ± 5.04^a
Outer petal width (mm)	25.52 ± 1.74^a	25.26 ± 1.81^ab	24.04 ± 1.87^bc	23.11 ± 2.11^c	23.17 ± 1.76^a	22.87 ± 1.85^ab	22.36 ± 1.64^ab	21.78 ± 2.22^b
Inner petal length (mm)	62.45 ± 4.89^a	60.97 ± 4.15^a	61.46 ± 4.00^a	59.10 ± 4.32^a	58.58 ± 6.17^a	59.87 ± 4.35^a	57.32 ± 7.09^a	57.30 ± 5.10^a
Inner petal width (mm)	29.90 ± 2.60^a	29.02 ± 2.71^a	28.55 ± 2.18^a	28.94 ± 2.84^a	28.13 ± 2.41^a	27.93 ± 1.91^a	27.68 ± 3.20^a	28.16 ± 2.74^a
Stylus length (mm)	24.90 ± 3.52^a	22.90 ± 3.61^a	22.90 ± 3.54^a	22.03 ± 3.48^a	23.89 ± 2.40^a	23.46 ± 3.13^a	22.93 ± 3.41^a	22.23 ± 3.36^a
Filament length (mm)	33.98 ± 2.97^a	32.00 ± 3.78^a	32.15 ± 3.19^a	32.56 ± 4.30^a	33.01 ± 3.34^a	32.52 ± 3.27^a	31.50 ± 3.16^a	31.82 ± 3.38^a
Ovary length (mm)	14.44 ± 1.26^a	14.17 ± 1.17^a	14.81 ± 1.13^a	14.52 ± 1.00^a	14.56 ± 0.99^a	14.56 ± 1.10^a	14.28 ± 1.28^a	14.55 ± 1.48^a
Ovary width (mm)	4.76 ± 0.37^a	4.69 ± 0.60^a	4.91 ± 0.52^a	4.70 ± 0.49^a	4.70 ± 0.53^a	4.91 ± 0.51^a	4.83 ± 0.57^a	4.81 ± 0.47^a
1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th represented the first, second, third, and fourth flowers, respectively. Data are mean ± SD. Different letters indicated significant differences (p < 0.05).

Table 4.

Floral traits with four blooming sequences in 14–16 cm and 12–14 cm bulb circumferences.