Figures (9)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Comparison of donor cardiac graft preservation in China and abroad.

    • Figure 2. 

      Comparison of metabolites of warm ischemia and cold ischemia. Metabolites are color-coded based on their abundance changes relative to pre-ischemic baselines, where red and blue indicate upregulation (+) and downregulation (−), respectively (deeper colors denote higher significance).

    • Figure 3. 

      The core mechanism of warm ischemia and reperfusion injury.

    • Figure 4. 

      The core mechanism of cold ischemic injury.

    • Figure 5. 

      Several drugs targeting oxidative stress.

    • Figure 6. 

      Several drugs targeting regulated cell death pathways.

    • Figure 7. 

      Several drugs targeting inflammatory responses.

    • Figure 8. 

      Several drugs targeting cellular organelle function.

    • Figure 9. 

      Several drugs targeting epigenetic regulation.

    • Source Representation Targets/mechanism Evidence of cold ischemia Evidence of warm ischemia
      Plants Astragalin**/Dihydromyricetin** Nrf2/HO-1+ and NF-κB− Yes Limited
      Luteolin* MCU−, CaM−, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase−, and NF-κB− Yes Limited
      Resveratrol** SIRT1/PGC-1α+ and Bcl-2+ Yes Yes
      Curcumin*** Nrf2/HO-1+, JAK2/STAT3−, and HES1+ Limited Yes
      Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb2*** HIF-1α+ and Sestrin+ Limited Yes
      Sulforaphane*** Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1+ Limited Yes
      Fungus Stachatranone F* PI3K/AKT+ Yes Limited
      Stachybatranone A* PI3K/AKT+ Yes Limited
      Aspergilloids* Ser9/GSK3β− Yes Limited
      diHET* Apoptosis− Limited Limited
      Marine animals M101** Oxidative stress− and inflammation− Cross-organ verification Limited
      Asterisks indicate the experimental stage of the preclinical evaluation: * assessed in cellular models (in vitro); ** evaluated in isolated organ perfusion preservation models (in vitro); *** validated in animal models (in vivo). Plus and minus signs indicate the effects on the pathways or mechanisms: + represents activation; – represents inhibition.

      Table 1. 

      Research progress on representative natural products for donor cardiac graft preservation.