Figures (6)  Tables (0)

    • Figure 1. 

      Effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), penicillin (PCN), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and their mixture (Mix) on seed germination rate of (a) T. alexandrinum, and (b) E. vesicaria exposed to different antibiotic concentrations (20, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg·kg−1). Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). At each concentration, differences among treatments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among treatments within the same concentration (p < 0.05).

    • Figure 2. 

      Effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), penicillin (PCN), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and their combined mixture (Mix) on seedling growth of T. alexandrinum and E. vesicaria during a 15-d exposure period. (a) Root length of T. alexandrinum. (b) Root length of E. vesicaria. (c) Shoot length of T. alexandrinum. (d) Shoot length of E. vesicaria. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3).

    • Figure 3. 

      Effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), penicillin (PCN), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and their mixture (Mix) on (a), (b) chlorophyll a, (c), (d) chlorophyll b, and (e), (f) carotenoid contents in the T. alexandrinum and E. vesicaria exposed to different antibiotic concentrations (20, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg·kg−1). Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). For each concentration, differences among treatments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among treatments within the same concentration (p < 0.05).

    • Figure 4. 

      Effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), penicillin (PCN), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and their mixture (Mix) on DPPH free radical scavenging activity of (a) T. alexandrinum and (b) E. vesicaria exposed to different antibiotic concentrations (20, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg·kg−1). Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). At each concentration, differences among treatments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same concentration (p < 0.05).

    • Figure 5. 

      Effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), penicillin (PCN), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and their mixture (Mix) on proline content in (a) T. alexandrinum and (b) E. vesicaria exposed to different antibiotic concentrations (20, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg·kg−1). Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). At each concentration, differences among treatments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same concentration (p < 0.05).

    • Figure 6. 

      Effects of enrofloxacin (ENR), penicillin (PCN), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and their mixture (Mix) on (a), (b) acid phosphatase a, (c), (d) esterase, and (e), (f) urease activity in the T. alexandrinum and E. vesicaria exposed to different antibiotic concentrations (20, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg·kg−1). Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). For each concentration, differences among treatments were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among treatments within the same concentration (p < 0.05).