| [1] |
Knowledge·Action·Change. 2024. The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2024: A Situation Report. Report. Knowledge·Action·Change, London. https://gsthr.org/resources/thr-reports/the-global-state-of-tobacco-harm-reduction-2024-a-situation-report/ |
| [2] |
Arrazola RA, Husten CG, Cornelius ME, Armour BS. 2025. Notes from the field: tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2017−2023. |
| [3] |
Jackson SE, Tattan-Birch H, Shahab L, Brown J. 2024. Trends in long term vaping among adults in England, 2013−23: population based study. |
| [4] |
Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, et al. 2017. Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
| [5] |
Kunst AE. 2021. Tobacco use in young people: being emic to end the epidemic. |
| [6] |
Le Foll B, Piper ME, Fowler CD, Tonstad S, Bierut L, et al. 2022. Tobacco and nicotine use. |
| [7] |
The Beijing News. 2025. Promoting national tobacco control legislation: the China Association on Tobacco Control convenes NPC deputies and experts for discussion. https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20250301A03VLQ00 |
| [8] |
PopulationPyramid. net. 2025. Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100: China. https://www.populationpyramid.net/china/2025/ |
| [9] |
China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022. Tobacco epidemic surveillance report for middle school and college students in China (in Chinese). www.xjcdc.com/jkzt1/spaq/xxws1/content_4300 |
| [10] |
Yang W. 2024. Teen smoking rate declines, so why does the National Disease Control Agency still say youth smoking cessation has a long way to go? https://m.mp.oeeee.com/a/BAAFRD000020240531959709.html |
| [11] |
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Office on Smoking and Health. 2016. Publications and Reports of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538680 |
| [12] |
Krüsemann EJZ, van Tiel L, Pennings JLA, Vaessen W, de Graaf K, et al. 2021. Both nonsmoking youth and smoking adults like sweet and minty e-liquid flavors more than tobacco flavor. |
| [13] |
Public Hygiene and Health Commission of Shenzhen Municipal. 2025. 2024 Shenzhen Adult Tobacco Survey Report. https://wjw.sz.gov.cn/wzx/content/post_12200778.html |
| [14] |
Jiang N, Cleland CM, Wang MP, Kwong A, Lai V, et al. 2019. Perceptions and use of e-cigarettes among young adults in Hong Kong. |
| [15] |
Leung LT, Ho SY, Chen J, Wang MP, Lam TH. 2018. Favourable perceptions of electronic cigarettes relative to cigarettes and the associations with susceptibility to electronic cigarette use in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. |
| [16] |
McGrath-Morrow SA, Gorzkowski J, Groner JA, Rule AM, Wilson K, et al. 2020. The effects of nicotine on development. |
| [17] |
Fan J, Mao T, Zhen S, Xu Y, Qu C. 2023. Comparative analysis of e-cigarette prevalence and influencing factors among adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China. |
| [18] |
Wang MP, Ho SY, Leung LT, Lam TH. 2016. Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. |
| [19] |
Uhm J, Hong S, Han E. 2024. The need to monitor emerging issues in etomidate usage: the misuse or abuse potential. |
| [20] |
World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. 2003. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. World Health Organization, Geneva. https://fctc.who.int/convention |
| [21] |
World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. 2014. FCTC/COP6(9) DECISION: electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems. Report FCTC/COP6(9). World Health Organization, Geneva. https://wkc.who.int/resources/publications/i/item/fctc-cop6(-9)-decision-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-and-electronic-non-nicotine-delivery-systems |
| [22] |
World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. 2016. FCTC/COP7(9) DECISION: Electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems. Report FCTC/COP7(9). World Health Organization, Geneva. https://fctc.who.int/resources/publications/m/item/fctc-cop7(9)-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-and-electronic-nonnicotine-delivery-systems |
| [23] |
State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. 2022. Electronic cigarette. Beijing: State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/std/newGbInfo?hcno=ABB028BCBF0391D0039E80FDAB8D3AF7 |
| [24] |
State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. 2022. Electronic Cigarette Administration Measures. Beijing: State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. www.tobacco.gov.cn/gjyc/dzyglqwfb/202203/09813059b2e14397a922884645e0e638.shtml |
| [25] |
Farber HJ, Pakhale S, Neptune ER, American Thoracic Society Tobacco Action Committee. 2016. Tobacco 21: an important public policy to protect our youth. |
| [26] |
Gavin L, MacKay AP, Brown K, Harrier S, Ventura SJ, et al. 2009. Sexual and reproductive health of persons aged 10−24 years - United States, 2002−2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries 58:1−58 |
| [27] |
Hudson SV, Kurti M, Howard J, Sanabria B, Schroth KRJ, et al. 2021. Adoption of Tobacco 21: a cross-case analysis of ten US states. |
| [28] |
DiFranza JR, Peck RM, Radecki TE, Savageau JA. 2001. What is the potential cost-effectiveness of enforcing a prohibition on the sale of tobacco to minors? |
| [29] |
Shi L, Zhong L, Cai Y. 2020. Economic burden of smoking-attributable diseases in China: a systematic review. |
| [30] |
Hammond D. 2011. Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review. |
| [31] |
Layoun N, Salameh P, Waked M, Aoun Bacha Z, Zeenny RM, et al. 2017. Motivation to quit smoking and acceptability of shocking warnings on cigarette packages in Lebanon. |
| [32] |
Noar SM, Hall MG, Francis DB, Ribisl KM, Pepper JK, et al. 2016. Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies. |
| [33] |
Woelbert E, d'Hombres B. 2019. Pictorial health warnings and wear-out effects: evidence from a web experiment in 10 European countries. |
| [34] |
Alcaraz A, Hernández-Vásquez A, Palacios A, Rodríguez B, Roberti J, et al. 2020. Health and economic impact of health warnings and plain tobacco packaging in seven Latin American countries: results of a simulation model. |
| [35] |
Liao Y, Tang J, McNeill A, Kelly BC, Cohen JE. 2022. Impact of cigarette package warnings on attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes in China: a nationwide study of smokers and non-smokers. |
| [36] |
Wang X, Zhang X, Xu X, Gao Y. 2019. Perceptions and use of electronic cigarettes among young adults in China. |
| [37] |
Weng X, Song C, Liu K, Wu Y, Lee JJ, et al. 2024. Perceptions of and responses of young adults who use e-cigarettes to flavour bans in China: a qualitative study. |
| [38] |
Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health. 2023. Tobacco Control Policy Survey 2022. Report, No. 33. Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health, Hong Kong. www.smokefree.hk/uploadedFile/COSHRN_E33.pdf |
| [39] |
Vassey J, Valente T, Barker J, Stanton C, Li D, et al. 2023. E-cigarette brands and social media influencers on Instagram: a social network analysis. |
| [40] |
Kim M, Popova L, Halpern-Felsher B, Ling PM. 2019. Effects of e-cigarette advertisements on adolescents' perceptions of cigarettes. |