[1]

Ma YP, Dai SL. 2003. Flower bud differentiation mechanism of anthophyta. Molecular Plant Breeding 1(4):539−45 (in Chinese)

[2]

Amasino R. 2010. Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. Plant Journal 61:1001−13

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04148.x
[3]

Burgarella C, Chantret N, Gay L, Prosperi JM, Bonhomme M, et al. 2016. Adaptation to climate through flowering phenology: a case study in Medicago truncatula. Molecular Ecology 25(14):3397−15

doi: 10.1111/mec.13683
[4]

Hao JH, Qi HY, Yan N, Wang HX. 2008. Advances in researches on flower bud differentiation of horticultural crops. Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment 175(1):7−9 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.16313/j.cnki.nykjyzb.2008.01.015
[5]

He Z, Chao H, Zhou X, Ni Q, Hu Y, et al. 2023. A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into Cornus wilsoniana evolution, oil biosynthesis, and floral bud development. Horticulture Research 10(11):uhad196

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhad196
[6]

Zhang Y, Liu QL. 2003. Proceedings on molecular mechanism of plant flower development. Chinese Bulletin of Botany 38(5):589−601 (in Chinese)

[7]

Moon J, Lee H, Kim M, Lee I. 2005. Analysis of flowering pathway integrators in Arabidopsis. Plant & Cell Physiology 46(2):292−99

doi: 10.1093/pcp/pci024
[8]

Chahtane H, Lai XL, Tichtinsky G, Rieu P, Arnoux-Courseaux M, et al. 2023. Flower development in Arabidopsis. In Flower Development. Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 2686, eds. Riechmann JL, Ferrándiz C. New York, NY, USA: Humana. pp. 3−38 doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_1

[9]

Villar L, Lienqueo I, Llanes A, Rojas P, Perez J, et al. 2020. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals novel roles of transcription factors and hormones during the flowering induction and floral bud differentiation in sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L. cv. Bing). PLoS One 15(3):e0230110

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230110
[10]

Ma K, Luo X, Han L, Zhao Y, Mamat A, et al. 2021. Transcriptome profiling based on Illumina- and SMRT-based RNA-seq reveals circadian regulation of key pathways in flower bud development in walnut. PLoS One 16(11):e0260017

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260017
[11]

Wan X, Zou LH, Pan X, Ge Y, Jin L, et al. 2024. Auxin and carbohydrate control flower bud development in Anthurium andraeanum during early stage of sexual reproduction. BMC Plant Biology 24(1):159

doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-04869-0
[12]

Xie Y, Hou Z, Shi M, Wang Q, Yang Z, et al. 2023. Transcriptional regulation of female and male flower bud initiation and development in pecan (Carya illinoensis). Plants 12(6):1378

doi: 10.3390/plants12061378
[13]

Yan X. 2022. The key genes screening and function analysis of vernalization and photoperiodic flowering pathway in Lilium. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University (in Chinese) doi: 10.26949/d.cnki.gblyu.2022.001330

[14]

Xue L, Dai J, Fu R, Wu N, Yu J, et al. 2025. Functional studies on the LiAG1 gene of Lilium 'ice pink queen' in flower development. Plants 14(3):323

doi: 10.3390/plants14030323
[15]

Adamipour N, Nazari F, Teixeira da Silva JA. 2025. Genetics and breeding of Fritillaria spp. In Breeding of Ornamental Crops: Bulbous Flowers, eds. Wani MA, Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM. Cham: Springer Nature. pp. 343−80 doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-77900-8_9

[16]

Rix EM. 2001. Fritillaria: A Revised Classification. Edinburgh: The Fritillaria Group of The Alpine Garden Society, United Kingdom

[17]

The Plant List. 2025. Fritillaria http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=+Fritillaria&_csv=on (Accessed 26 May 2025)

[18]

Li SL, Lin G, Chan SW, Li P. 2001. Determination of the major isosteroidal alkaloids in bulbs of Fritillaria by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. Journal of Chromatography A 909(2):207−14

doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01083-9
[19]

Hua R, Sun SQ, Zhou Q, Noda I, Wang BQ. 2003. Discrimination of Fritillary according to geographical origin with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation IR spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 33(2):199−209

doi: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00253-x
[20]

Zhu SY, Hu ZH, Yuwen Q. 1980. Study on the annual periodicity of growth and development of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 22(1):22−26 (in Chinese)

[21]

Xu WL, Liu M, Chen DL, Wang JZ. 2014. Chemical constituents from bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 57:198−202

doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.08.021
[22]

Xu DP, Wu JJ, Zhou XT, Gao HL. 2015. Research advance in chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Fritillaria Hupehensis Hsiao. China Pharmaceuticals 24(6):92−94 (in Chinese)

[23]

de Paz Canuria E, Redondo RA, de Gopegui AR, González MEG. 2011. The genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) in Cantabrian Cordillera (Spain). Candollea 66(2):383−95

doi: 10.15553/c2011v662a16
[24]

Wietsma WA, van den Berg RG, van Scheepen J, Wieringa JJ. 2011. The nomenclatural history of Fritillaria eduardii and the correct names of its varieties. Taxon 60(6):1754−59

doi: 10.1002/tax.606018
[25]

Yang S, Xie S, Xu M, Zhang C, Wu N, et al. 2015. A novel method for rapid discrimination of bulbus of Fritillaria by using electronic nose and electronic tongue technology. Analytical Methods 7(3):943−52

doi: 10.1039/C4AY02230K
[26]

Petrić M, Subotić A, Trifunović M, Jevremović S. 2012. Morphogenesis in vitro of Fritillaria spp. Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology 6(Special Issue 1):78−89

[27]

Hao LH, Teixeira da Silva JA, Yu XN. 2017. Bulblet regeneration in vitro from bulb-scales of Fritillaria thunbergii. Acta Horticulturae 1171:25−30

doi: 10.17660/actahortic.2017.1171.4
[28]

Badfar-Chaleshtori S, Shiran B, Kohgard M, Mommeni H, Hafizi A, et al. 2012. Assessment of genetic diversity and structure of imperial crown (Fritillaria imperialis L.) populations in the Zagros region of Iran using AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers and implications for its conservation. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 42:35−48

doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.12.027
[29]

Emilian M, Mugur M, Giancarla V, Irina P, Lavinia S, et al. 2015. Studies on the use of RAPD markers in the evaluation of Fritillaria meleagris L. genetic variability. Journal of Biotechnology 208:S107

doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.335
[30]

Li B, Li SP, Xie ZS, Xu WP, Zhang CX, et al. 2010. Research on biological characteristics and flower bud differentiation in sweet cherry in Shanghai and Yantai. Journal of Fruit Science 27(3):349−54 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2010.03.003
[31]

Grabherr MG, Haas BJ, Yassour M, Levin JZ, Thompson DA, et al. 2011. Full-length transcriptome assembly from RNA-Seq data without a reference genome. Nature Biotechnology 29(7):644−52

doi: 10.1038/nbt.1883
[32]

Mortazavi A, Williams BA, McCue K, Schaeffer L, Wold B. 2008. Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-seq. Nature Methods 5(7):621−28

doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1226
[33]

Anders S, Huber W. 2010. Differential expression analysis for sequence count data. Genome Biology 11(10):R105

doi: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r106
[34]

Alexa A, Rahnenführer J, Lengauer T. 2006. Improved scoring of functional groups from gene expression data by decorrelating GO graph structure. Bioinformatics 22(13):1600−7

doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl140
[35]

Xie C, Mao X, Huang J, Ding Y, Wu J, et al. 2011. KOBAS 2.0: a web server for annotation and identification of enriched pathways and diseases. Nucleic Acids Research 39:W316−W322

[36]

Dong LL, Xu ZH, Song W, Wang YY, Li Q, et al. 2024. Analysis of bulb development of Fritillaria thunbergii based on transcriptome sequencing and gene function verification of CKXs. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 55(24):8538−51 (in Chinese)

[37]

Zou LP, Pan C, Wang MX, Cui L, Han BY. 2020. Progress on the mechanism of hormones regulating plant flower formation. Hereditas (Beijing) 42(8):739−51 (in Chinese )

doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-014
[38]

Jiang XM, Yu XH. 2004. Stimulatory effects of low temperature treatment of germinating seeds on flower-bud differentiation in broccoli. Acta Photophysiologica Sinica 30(4):421−27 (in Chinese)

[39]

Guo X, Yu C, Luo, L, Wan H, Zhen N, et al. 2017. Transcriptome of the floral transition in Rosa chinensis 'Old blush'. BMC Genomics 18(1):199

doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-3584-y
[40]

Gao AL, Li JA, Liu R, He ZX, Sun Y. 2010. Advances in research on flower bud differentiation mechanism in higher plants. Nonwood Forest Research 28(2):131−36 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2010.02.001
[41]

Pang FH, Zhao MZ, Wang Y, Yu HM, Xia J. 2014. Studies on floral bud differentiation and biochemical changes of 'Ningyu' strawberry. Journal of Fruit Science 31(6):1117−22

[42]

Fan L, Chen M, Dong B, Wang N, Yu Q, et al. 2018. Transcriptomic analysis of flower bud differentiation in Magnolia sinostellata. Genes 9(4):212

doi: 10.3390/genes9040212
[43]

Fan Z, Li J, Li X, Wu B, Wang J, et al. 2015. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling provides insights into floral bud development of summer-flowering Camellia azalea. Scientific Reports 5:9729

doi: 10.1038/srep09729
[44]

He W, Chen Y, Gao M, Zhao Y, Xu Z, et al. 2018. Transcriptome analysis of Litsea cubeba floral buds reveals the role of hormones and transcription factors in the differentiation process. G3 8(4):1103−14

doi: 10.1534/g3.117.300481
[45]

Wu LY, Tang QR, Yin H, Chen L. 2007. Flower bud differentiation mechanism of ornamental plants. Letters in Biotechnology 18(6):1064−67 (in Chinese)

[46]

Liu SC, Yang WW, Wu GJ, Lai ZX. 2012. Advances on physiology and biochemistry and molecular mechanism of floral formation in higher plants. Subtropical Agriculture Research 8(1):37−41 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.13321/j.cnki.subtrop.agric.res.2012.01.001
[47]

Sudhakaran S, Teixeira da Silva JA, Sreeramanan S. 2006. Test tube bouquets − in vitro flowering. In Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues (1st Edn, volume II), ed. Teixeira da Silva JA, Isleworth, UK: Global Science Books, Ltd. pp. 336−46 doi: 10.1007/s10535-007-0083-z

[48]

Tu SP, Mu D, Liu C. 2005. The physiological and biochemical changes of lily bulbs during dormancy release with cold treatment. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis 27(3):404−7 (in Chinese)

[49]

Wang XQ, Zhang YL, Niu LX, Sun HL, Si GC. 2011. Changes of carbohydrate and protein contents in bulbs of Tulipa gesneriana L. during flower bud differentiation. Plant Physiology Journal 47(4):379−84 (in Chinese)

[50]

Li W, Yong Y, Zhang Y, Lyu Y. 2019. Transcriptional regulatory network of GA floral induction pathway in LA hybrid lily. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(11):2694

doi: 10.3390/ijms20112694
[51]

Wang L, Tang GG, Liu T. 2008. Variation of endogenous hormone and nucleic acid content during flower bud differentiation in Lycoris radiata. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition) 32(4):67−70 (in Chinese)

[52]

Stark GR, Wang Y, Lu T. 2010. Lysine methylation of promoter-bound transcription factors and relevance to cancer. Cell Research 21(3):375−80

doi: 10.1038/cr.2010.174
[53]

Kaneko M, Inukai Y, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Itoh H, Izawa T, et al. 2004. Loss-of-function mutations of the rice GAMYB gene impair α-amylase expression in aleurone and flower development. The Plant Cell 16(1):33−44

doi: 10.1105/tpc.017327
[54]

He KP, Wu C. 2010. The effects of bHLH transcription factors on plant morphogenesis. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 38(35):19957−59 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2010.35.070
[55]

Strathmann A, Kuhlmann M, Heinekamp T, Dröge-Laser W. 2001. BZI-1 specifically heterodimerises with the tobacco bZIP transcription factors BZI-2, BZI-3/TBZF and BZI-4, and is functionally involved in flower development. Plant Journal 28(4):397−408

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01164.x
[56]

Kumar P, Ashrita, Acharya V, Warghat AR. 2021. Comparative transcriptome analysis infers bulb derived in vitro cultures as a promising source for sipeimine biosynthesis in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (Liliaceae, syn. Fritillaria roylei Hook.) − high value Himalayan medicinal herb. Phytochemistry 183:112631

doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112631