| [1] |
Adzrago D, Sulley S, Williams F. 2024. Immigration status-related exclusive e-cigarette use and cannabis use and their dual use disparities associated with mental health disorder symptoms. |
| [2] |
Leung J, Ellem R, Glasgow S, Rowe AL, Gardner L, et al. 2025. The use and knowledge around vaping and their correlates among university students − a cross-sectional Australian study. |
| [3] |
Hanafin J, Sunday S, Clancy L. 2023. Higher smoking and e-cigarette use among young adults with mental health problems: an analysis of wave 4 of growing up in Ireland, the national longitudinal study of children in Ireland. |
| [4] |
Leung J, Tisdale C, Choi J, Ellem R, Davidson L, et al. 2025. E-cigarette use among high school students − a cross-sectional study of associated risk factors for the use of flavour-only and nicotine vapes. |
| [5] |
Phetphum C, Prajongjeep A, Phuengnam K. 2024. Relationship between electronic cigarette use, dual smoking habits, and psychological distress among youth in Northern Thailand: a cross-sectional study. |
| [6] |
Dabravolskaj J, Veugelers PJ, Amores A, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA, et al. 2023. The impact of 12 modifiable lifestyle behaviours on depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle adolescence: prospective analyses of the Canadian longitudinal COMPASS study. |
| [7] |
Bataineh BS, Wilkinson AV, Sumbe A, Clendennen SL, Chen B, et al. 2023. The association between tobacco and cannabis use and the age of onset of depression and anxiety symptoms: among adolescents and young adults. |
| [8] |
Ünver Ş. 2025. Investigation of factors affecting tobacco and e-cigarette use in Turkey. |
| [9] |
Javed S, Usmani S, Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Hanif A, et al. 2022. A scoping review of vaping, e-cigarettes and mental health impact: depression and suicidality. |
| [10] |
Do EK, Tulsiani S, Koris K, Minter T, Hair EC. 2024. Depression, anxiety, stress, and current e-cigarette use: results from the truth longitudinal cohort of youth and young adults (2022−2023). |
| [11] |
Ibrahim FM, Shahrour G, Hashim A, Yasin A, Allam AR. 2025. E-cigarette usage and mental health among undergraduate medical and health sciences students. |
| [12] |
Cai J, Bidulescu A. 2024. E-cigarette use or dual use of e-cigarette and combustible cigarette and mental health and cognitive impairment: findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 2020−2021. |
| [13] |
Zvolensky MJ, Shepherd JM, Clausen BK, Redmond BY, De Dios M, et al. 2024. Combustible cigarette smokers versus dual combustible and electronic users: evaluation of differences in anxiety, depression, and transdiagnostic constructs among Latinx adults. |
| [14] |
Evans SL, Alkan E. 2024. Personality risk factors for vape use amongst young adults and its consequences for sleep and mental health. |
| [15] |
Han DH, Shin E. 2024. Parenting practices, mental health, and electronic cigarette use among U. S. young adolescents: a longitudinal panel analysis, 2013−2018. |
| [16] |
Liu J, Hanby E, Kingsley M, Winickoff JP, Gundersen DA, et al. 2024. Dual-vaping of nicotine and cannabis among adults who currently use tobacco products in five New England states. |
| [17] |
Salinas KZ, Saran S, Saulnier K, Hoglen B, Houser KR, et al. 2024. A comparison of mental health symptoms among adults who vape nicotine, cannabis, or both. |
| [18] |
Trigg J, Calabro R, Anastassiadis P, Bowden J, Bonevski B. 2024. Association of anxiety and depression symptoms with perceived health risk of nicotine vaping products for smoking cessation. |
| [19] |
Striley CW, Nutley SK, Hoeflich CC. 2022. E-cigarettes and non-suicidal self-injury: prevalence of risk behavior and variation by substance inhaled. |
| [20] |
Thepthien BO, Tinn CS, Sharma R. 2024. Establishing the association between traditional tobacco, e-cigarette and dual use and mental health problems among high school students: results from a 2022 behavioral surveillance survey. |
| [21] |
Yimsaard P, Gravely S, Meng G, Fong GT, Cummings KM, et al. 2024. Differences in smoking cessation behaviors and vaping status among adult daily smokers with and without depression, anxiety, and alcohol use: findings from the 2018 and 2020 international tobacco control four country smoking and vaping (ITC 4CV) Surveys. |
| [22] |
Clendennen SL, Chen B, Sumbe A, Harrell MB. 2023. Patterns in mental health symptomatology and cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use among Texas youth and young adults amid the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. |
| [23] |
Oyapero A, Erinoso O, Osoba M, Kareem S. 2023. Predictors of electronic cigarettes use and its association with mental health in Nigeria: a community survey. |
| [24] |
Adzrago D, Tami-Maury I, Schick V, Wilkerson JM. 2021. Co-occurring substance use and psychological distress among exclusive e-cigarette use and other tobacco use among sexual and gender minorities in Texas. |
| [25] |
Williams GC, Patte KA, Ferro MA, Leatherdale ST. 2021. Substance use classes and symptoms of anxiety and depression among Canadian secondary school students. |
| [26] |
Adzrago D, Harrell MB, Fujimoto K, Jones A, Wilkerson JM. 2023. Association between e-cigarette use behaviors and anxiety/depression among black/African American adults based on sexual identity. |
| [27] |
Azagba S, Ebling T, Adekeye OT, Shan L. 2022. Mental health condition indicators and e-cigarette use among sexual minority youth. |
| [28] |
Ormiston CK, Pike JR, Sabado-Liwag MD, Kwan P, Xie B, et al. 2024. Generational immigration status modifies the association between psychosocial distress and substance use among alternative high school students. |
| [29] |
Pitman SA, Pasch KE, Poulos NS, Velazquez CE. 2024. Food insecurity and substance use among young adults in the United States. |
| [30] |
Arksey H, O'Malley L. 2005. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. |
| [31] |
Levac D, Colquhoun H, O'Brien KK. 2010. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. |
| [32] |
Peters MDJ, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker D, et al. 2015. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. |
| [33] |
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. 2009. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. |
| [34] |
Bianco CL. 2019. Rates of electronic cigarette use among adults with a chronic mental illness. |
| [35] |
Hahn AW, Ruderman SA, Nance RM, Whitney BW, Eltonsy S, et al. 2023. Vaporized nicotine (e-cigarette) and tobacco smoking among people with HIV: use patterns and associations with depression and panic symptoms. |
| [36] |
Vaziri S, McGarry ME, Huang CY, Cuneo AA, Willen SM, et al. 2024. Time to be blunt: substance use in cystic fibrosis. |
| [37] |
Schuler MS, Wong EC, Ramchand R. 2022. Military service branch differences in alcohol use, tobacco use, prescription drug misuse, and mental health conditions. |
| [38] |
Wamamili B, Wallace-Bell M, Richardson A, Grace RC, Coope P. 2021. Associations of history of mental illness with smoking and vaping among university students aged 18−24 years in New Zealand: results of a 2018 national cross-sectional survey. |
| [39] |
Klein EG, Shoben AB, Carpenter KM, Mullis K, Nemeth JM, et al. 2024. A randomized clinical trial of a quitline vaping cessation intervention: baseline characteristics of young adult exclusive e-cigarette users seeking treatment. |
| [40] |
Mantey DS, Clendennen SL, Chen B, Amin S, Harrell MB. 2024. Cannabis vaping use in emerging adulthood: characterizing transitions between stages of vaping among a diverse cohort in Texas. |
| [41] |
Versella MV, Borges AM, Lin C, Leyro TM. 2019. Co-use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and combustible cigarettes, and their association with internalizing pathology and vulnerabilities. |
| [42] |
Kang W, Malvaso A. 2024. Understanding the longitudinal associations between e-cigarette use and general mental health, social dysfunction and anhedonia, depression and anxiety, and loss of confidence in a sample from the UK: a linear mixed effect examination. |
| [43] |
Keum BT, Cano MÁ, Valdovinos IC, Boland DZ. 2023. Impact of online and offline racism on cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and vaping via depressive/anxiety symptoms among racially minoritized emerging adults. |
| [44] |
Williams GC, Patte KA, Ferro MA, Leatherdale ST. 2021. Associations between longitudinal patterns of substance use and anxiety and depression symptoms among a sample of Canadian secondary school students. |
| [45] |
Tildy BE, McNeill A, East K, Gravely S, Fong GT, et al. 2023. Self-reported depression and anxiety and healthcare professional interactions regarding smoking cessation and nicotine vaping: findings from 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Survey. |
| [46] |
Li L, Borland R, O'Connor RJ, Fong GT, McNeill A, et al. 2019. How are self-reported physical and mental health conditions related to vaping activities among smokers and quitters: findings from the ITC four country smoking and vaping wave 1 survey. |
| [47] |
Spears CA, Jones DM, Weaver SR, Yang B, Pechacek TF, et al. 2020. Use of and perceptions about electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among people with mental health conditions or serious psychological distress, 2018. |
| [48] |
Mayorga NA, Chavez J, Garey L, Otto MW, Zvolensky MJ. 2021. Affective vulnerability across non-daily and daily electronic cigarette users. |
| [49] |
Salazar-Londoño S, Botero-Rodríguez F, Moreno-Contreras J, Vanegas-Zamora V, Gómez-Restrepo C, et al. 2025. Self-perception of risky consumption and emotional factors associated with electronic nicotine and non-nicotine delivery systems during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. |
| [50] |
Wade NE, Courtney KE, Doran N, Baca R, Aguinaldo LD, et al. 2022. Young adult e-cigarette and combustible tobacco users attitudes, substance use behaviors, mental health, and neurocognitive performance. |
| [51] |
Wattick RA, Olfert IM, Olfert MD. 2021. Psychosocial factors associated with e-cigarette use among young adults in a 4-year university in Appalachia. |
| [52] |
Arterberry BJ, Parks MJ, Patrick ME. 2023. The moderating role of mental health on the association between COVID-related stress, isolation, and economic hardship and using substances to cope. |
| [53] |
Bista S, Lechner WV, Anderson M, Kenne KN, Kenne DR. 2023. Cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of psychological distress following COVID-19 related university campus closures. |
| [54] |
Azagba S, Ebling T, Korkmaz A. 2024. Social media and e-cigarette use: The mediating role of mental health conditions. |
| [55] |
Lilly CL, Kristjansson AL, Smith ML, Thrisdottir IE, Havlicak A, et al. 2024. Beyond school climate: validating the school as a protective factor-brief survey. |
| [56] |
Jones RD, Asare M, Lanning B. 2021. A retrospective cross-sectional study on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among college students. |
| [57] |
Oliver AL, Kossowsky J, Minegishi M, Levy S, Weitzman ER. 2023. The association of vaping with social/emotional health and attitudes toward COVID-19 mitigation measures in adolescent and young adult cohorts during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| [58] |
Pham T, Williams JVA, Bhattarai A, Dores AK, Isherwood LJ, et al. 2020. Electronic cigarette use and mental health: a Canadian population-based study. |
| [59] |
Hefner KR, Sollazzo A, Mullaney S, Coker KL, Sofuoglu M. 2019. E-cigarettes, alcohol use, and mental health: use and perceptions of e-cigarettes among college students, by alcohol use and mental health status. |
| [60] |
Adzrago D, Sulley S, Mamudu L, Ormiston CK, Williams F. 2022. The influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the frequent use of e-cigarettes and its association with substance use and mental health symptoms. |