[1]

Saikkonen K, Faeth SH, Helander M, Sullivan TJ. 1998. Fungal endophytes: a continuum of interactions with host plants. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 39:319−343

doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.319
[2]

Branine M, Bazzicalupo A, Branco S. 2019. Biology and applications of endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi. PLoS Pathogens 15:e1007831

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007831
[3]

Quesada Moraga E. 2020. Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: their broader contribution to IPM and crop production. Biocontrol Science and Technology 30:864−877

doi: 10.1080/09583157.2020.1771279
[4]

Bamisile BS, Dash CK, Akutse KS, Keppanan R, Wang L. 2018. Fungal endophytes: beyond herbivore management. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:544

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00544
[5]

Baron NC, Rigobelo EC. 2022. Endophytic fungi: a tool for plant growth promotion and sustainable agriculture. Mycology 13:39−55

doi: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1945699
[6]

Sekmen Cetinel AH, Gokce A, Erdik E, Cetinel B, Cetinkaya N. 2021. The effect of Trichoderma citrinoviride treatment under salinity combined to Rhizoctonia solani infection in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Agronomy 11:1589

doi: 10.3390/agronomy11081589
[7]

Vega FE. 2018. The use of fungal entomopathogens as endophytes in biological control: a review. Mycologia 110:4−30

doi: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1418578
[8]

Dara SK, Dara SR, Dara SS. 2013. Endophytic colonization and pest management potential of Beauveria bassiana in strawberries. Journal of Berry Research 3:203−211

doi: 10.3233/jbr-130058
[9]

Gange AC, Koricheva J, Currie AF, Jaber LR, Vidal S. 2019. Meta‐analysis of the role of entomopathogenic and unspecialized fungal endophytes as plant bodyguards. New Phytologist 223:2002−2010

doi: 10.1111/nph.15859
[10]

Khan M, Tanaka K. 2023. Purpureocillium lilacinum for plant growth promotion and biocontrol against root-knot nematodes infecting eggplant. PLoS One 18:e0283550

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283550
[11]

Ahsan SM, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Das AK, Rahman MM, Mollah MMI, et al. 2024. Plant–entomopathogenic fungi interaction: recent progress and future prospects on endophytism-mediated growth promotion and biocontrol. Plants 13:1420

doi: 10.3390/plants13101420
[12]

Garza-Alonso CA, Olivares-Sáenz E, González-Morales S, Cabrera-De la Fuente M, Juárez-Maldonado A, et al. 2022. Strawberry biostimulation: from mechanisms of action to plant growth and fruit quality. Plants 11:3463

doi: 10.3390/plants11243463
[13]

Singh S, Pandey RK, Goswami BK. 2013. Bio-control activity of Purpureocillium lilacinum strains in managing root-knot disease of tomato caused by Meloidogyne incognita. Biocontrol Science and Technology 23:1469−1489

doi: 10.1080/09583157.2013.840770
[14]

Barra P, Etcheverry M, Nesci A. 2015. Efficacy of 2, 6-di (t-butyl)-p-cresol (BHT) and the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum, to control Tribolium confusum and to reduce aflatoxin B1 in stored maize. Journal of Stored Products Research 64:72−79

doi: 10.1016/j.jspr.2015.09.003
[15]

Goffré D, Folgarait PJ. 2015. Purpureocillium lilacinum, potential agent for biological control of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex lundii. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 130:107−115

doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.008
[16]

Moreira FM, Machado TI, Torres CAR, de Souza HR, Celestino MF, et al. 2024. Purpureocillium lilacinum SBF054: endophytic in Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, and Helianthus annuus; antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani; and virulent to Euschistus heros. Microorganisms 12:1100

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12061100
[17]

Goffré D, Folgarait PJ. 2023. Entomopathogenic strains of the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum damage the fungus cultivar of pest leaf-cutter ants. Neotropical Entomology 52:731−741

doi: 10.1007/s13744-023-01052-2
[18]

Lan X, Zhang J, Zong Z, Ma Q, Wang Y. 2017. Evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum QLP12 against Verticillium dahliae in eggplant. BioMed Research International 2017:4101357

doi: 10.1155/2017/4101357
[19]

Sas-Paszt L, Sumorok B, Grzyb ZS, Głuszek S, Sitarek M, et al. 2020. Effect of microbiologically enriched fertilizers on the yielding of strawberry plants under field conditions in the second year of plantation. Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering 65:31−38
[20]

Baron NC, de Souza Pollo A, Rigobelo EC. 2020. Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium marquandii as plant growth-promoting fungi. PeerJ 8:e9005

doi: 10.7717/peerj.9005
[21]

Spina F, Tummino ML, Poli A, Prigione V, Ilieva V, et al. 2021. Low density polyethylene degradation by filamentous fungi. Environmental Pollution 274:116548

doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116548
[22]

Ek-Ramos MJ, Zhou W, Valencia CU, Antwi JB, Kalns LL, et al. 2013. Spatial and temporal variation in fungal endophyte communities isolated from cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PLoS One 8:e66049

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066049
[23]

Ma L, Elmhirst JF, Darvish R, Wegener LA, Henderson D. 2024. Abundance and diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) grown in a Canadian research greenhouse. Plant-Environment Interactions 5:e10142

doi: 10.1002/pei3.10142
[24]

García-Latorre C, Rodrigo S, Marin-Felix Y, Stadler M, Santamaria O. 2025. Exploiting antifungal metabolites of the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum for effective control of Botrytis cinerea in chickpea plants. BioControl 70:515−527

doi: 10.1007/s10526-025-10319-z
[25]

Girardi NS, Sosa AL, Etcheverry MG, Passone MA. 2022. In vitro characterization bioassays of the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum: evaluation on growth, extracellular enzymes, mycotoxins and survival in the surrounding agroecosystem of tomato. Fungal Biology 126:300−307

doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.02.001
[26]

Sani I, Jamian S, Saad N, Abdullah S, Mohd Hata E, et al. 2023. Inoculation and colonization of the entomopathogenic fungi, Isaria javanica and Purpureocillium lilacinum, in tomato plants, and their effect on seedling growth, mortality and adult emergence of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). PLoS One 18:e0285666

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285666
[27]

Castillo Lopez D, Zhu-Salzman K, Ek-Ramos MJ, Sword GA. 2014. The entomopathogenic fungal endophytes Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus) and Beauveria bassiana negatively affect cotton aphid reproduction under both greenhouse and field conditions. PLoS One 9:e103891

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103891
[28]

Lopez DC, Sword GA. 2015. The endophytic fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Purpureocillium lilacinum enhance the growth of cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and negatively affect survival of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea). Biological Control 89:53−60

doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.03.010
[29]

Valiante D, Sirtori I, Cossa S, Corengia L, Pedretti M, et al. 2019. Environmental impact of strawberry production in Italy and Switzerland with different cultivation practices. Science of The Total Environment 664:249−261

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.046
[30]

Carroll J, Pritts MP (Eds.). 2022. Production and IPM guide for organic strawberries. 3rd Edition. Ithaca, NY: New York State Integrated Pest Management Program. 69 pp. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/42890.3/2022-org-strawberries-NYSIPM.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y
[31]

Kumar S, Kundu M, Das A, Rakshit R, Siddiqui MW, et al. 2019. Substitution of mineral fertilizers with biofertilizer: an alternate to improve the growth, yield and functional biochemical properties of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ) cv. Camarosa. Journal of Plant Nutrition 42:1818−1837

doi: 10.1080/01904167.2019.1643363
[32]

Boye JI, Arcand Y. 2013. Current trends in green technologies in food production and processing. Food Engineering Reviews 5:1−17

doi: 10.1007/s12393-012-9062-z
[33]

Pahalvi HN, Rafiya L, Rashid S, Nisar B, Kamili AN. 2021. Chemical fertilizers and their impact on soil health. In Microbiota and Biofertilizers, Vol 2, eds. Dar GH, Bhat RA, Mehmood MA, Hakeem KR. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1−20 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-61010-4_1
[34]

Guenera M, Born H. 2007. Strawberry: Organic Production. Butte, MT: A publication of ATTRA-National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. 28 pp
[35]

Grunert KG. 2011. Sustainability in the food sector: a consumer behaviour perspective. International Journal on Food System Dynamics 2:207−218

doi: 10.18461/ijfsd.v2i3.232
[36]

Ansari MA, Butt TM. 2013. Influence of the application methods and doses on the susceptibility of black vine weevil larvae Otiorhynchus sulcatus to Metarhizium anisopliae in field-grown strawberries. BioControl 58:257−267

doi: 10.1007/s10526-012-9491-x
[37]

Klingen I, Westrum K, Meyling NV. 2015. Effect of Norwegian entomopathogenic fungal isolates against Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae at low temperatures and persistence in strawberry rhizospheres. Biological Control 81:1−7

doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.10.006
[38]

Morales-Quintana L, Moya M, Santelices-Moya R, Cabrera-Ariza A, Rabert C, et al. 2022. Improvement in the physiological and biochemical performance of strawberries under drought stress through symbiosis with Antarctic fungal endophytes. Frontiers in Microbiology 13:939955

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939955
[39]

Parsa S, Ortiz V, Vega FE. 2013. Establishing fungal entomopathogens as endophytes: towards endophytic biological control. Journal of Visualized Experiments 74:50360

doi: 10.3791/50360-v
[40]

McKinnon AC. 2016. Plant tissue preparation for the detection of an endophytic fungus in planta. In Microbial-Based Biopesticides, eds. Glare TR, Moran-Diez ME. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 167−173 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6367-6_13
[41]

Mayerhofer MS, Kernaghan G, Harper KA. 2013. The effects of fungal root endophytes on plant growth: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza 23:119−128

doi: 10.1007/s00572-012-0456-9
[42]

Lucero NF. 2019. Estudio del efecto protector, promotor de crecimiento vegetal y micopatógeno asociado al hongo Purpureocillium lilacinum [Study of the protective, plant growth-promoting, and mycopathogenic effects associated with the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum]. Thesis. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina. 71 pp.
[43]

Paparu P, Dubois T, Gold CS, Adipala E, Niere B, et al. 2004. Inoculation, colonization and distribution of fungal endophytes in Musa tissue culture plants. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 9:583−589
[44]

Quesada-Moraga E, Muñoz-Ledesma FJ, Santiago-Alvarez C. 2009. Systemic protection of Papaver somniferum L. against Iraella luteipes (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) by an endophytic strain of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Environmental Entomology 38:723−730

doi: 10.1603/022.038.0324
[45]

Jaber LR, Enkerli J. 2017. Fungal entomopathogens as endophytes: can they promote plant growth? Biocontrol Science and Technology 27:28−41

doi: 10.1080/09583157.2016.1243227
[46]

Gurulingappa P, Sword GA, Murdoch G, McGee PA. 2010. Colonization of crop plants by fungal entomopathogens and their effects on two insect pests when in planta. Biological Control 55:34−41

doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.06.011
[47]

Lombardi N, Caira S, Troise AD, Scaloni A, Vitaglione P, et al. 2020. Trichoderma applications on strawberry plants modulate the physiological processes positively affecting fruit production and quality. Frontiers in Microbiology 11:1364

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01364
[48]

García-Espinoza F, Quesada-Moraga E, García del Rosal MJ, Yousef-Yousef M. 2023. Entomopathogenic fungi-mediated solubilization and induction of Fe related genes in melon and cucumber plants. Journal of Fungi 9:258

doi: 10.3390/jof9020258
[49]

Qayyum MA, Wakil W, Arif MJ, Sahi ST, Dunlap CA. 2015. Infection of Helicoverpa armigera by endophytic Beauveria bassiana colonizing tomato plants. Biological Control 90:200−207

doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.04.005
[50]

Tefera T, Vidal S. 2009. Effect of inoculation method and plant growth medium on endophytic colonization of sorghum by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. BioControl 54:663−669

doi: 10.1007/s10526-009-9216-y
[51]

Vestergaard S, Cherry A, Keller S, Goettel M. 2003. Safety of hyphomycete fungi as microbial control agents. In Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides, eds. Hokkanen HMT, Hajek AE. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 35−62 doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-1441-9_3
[52]

Haydu JJ, Legard DE. 2003. An economic analysis of preharvest fungicide applications to control Botrytis fruit rot in annual strawberries in Florida. HortScience 38:124−127

doi: 10.21273/hortsci.38.1.124
[53]

Murphy BR, Soldi E, Jadwiszczak MJ, Hodkinson TR. 2019. Synergy between fungal endophytes improves fruit production in strawberry cultivar. Emergent Life Sciences Research 30:29−41

doi: 10.31783/elsr.2019.512941
[54]

Ahmad I, Del Mar Jiménez-Gasco M, Luthe DS, Barbercheck ME. 2022. Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii suppresses the phytopathogen, Cochliobolus heterostrophus and modulates maize defenses. PLoS One 17:e0272944

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272944
[55]

Gupta R, Keppanan R, Leibman-Markus M, Rav-David D, Elad Y, et al. 2022. The entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana promote systemic immunity and confer resistance to a broad range of pests and pathogens in tomato. Phytopathology 112:784−793

doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-21-0343-R
[56]

Rondot Y, Reineke A. 2019. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana activates expression of defence genes in grapevine and prevents infections by grapevine downy mildew Plasmopara viticola. Plant Pathology 68:1719−1731

doi: 10.1111/ppa.13089
[57]

Altomare C, Norvell W, Bjorkman T, Harman GE. 1999. Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant-growth promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:2926−2933

doi: 10.1128/AEM.65.7.2926-2933.1999
[58]

Colla G, Rouphael Y, Bonini P, Cardarelli M. 2015. Coating seeds with endophytic fungi enhances growth, nutrient uptake, yield and grain quality of winter wheat. International Journal of Plant Production 9:171−190
[59]

Yedidia I, Srivastva AK, Kapulnik Y, Chet I. 2001. Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants. Plant and Soil 235:235−242

doi: 10.1023/A:1011990013955
[60]

Cota LV, Maffia LA, Mizubuti ESG, Macedo PEF. 2009. Biological control by Clonostachys rosea as a key component in the integrated management of strawberry gray mold. Biological Control 50:222−230

doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.017