| [1] |
Kozlowski TT. 2002. Physiological ecology of natural regeneration of harvested and disturbed forest stands: implications for forest management. |
| [2] |
Cambi M, Certini G, Neri F, Marchi E. 2015. The impact of heavy traffic on forest soils: a review. |
| [3] |
Picchio R, Magagnotti N, Sirna A, Spinelli R. 2012. Improved winching technique to reduce logging damage. |
| [4] |
Tavankar F, Bonyad AE, Majnounian B. 2015. Affective factors on residual tree damage during selection cutting and cable-skidder logging in the Caspian forests, Northern Iran. |
| [5] |
Forest Resource Assessment Nepal. 2015. State of Nepal's forests. Forest Resource Assessment (FRA), Nepal |
| [6] |
Rijal S, Sinutok S, Techato K, Gentle P, Khanal U, et al. 2022. Contribution of community-managed sal-based forest in climate change adaptation and mitigation: a case from Nepal. |
| [7] |
Premer MI, Froese RE, Webster CR, Nagel LM. 2016. Vegetation response to logging residue removals in Great Lakes aspen forests: long-term trends under operational management. |
| [8] |
Kizha AR, Nahor E, Coogen N, Louis LT, George AK. 2021. Residual stand damage under different harvesting methods and mitigation strategies. |
| [9] |
Bodaghi AI, Nikooy M, Naghdi R, Tavankar F. 2020. Logging damage to residual trees during sustainable harvesting of uneven-age stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. |
| [10] |
Latterini F, Venanzi R, Picchio R. 2024. ACORN review: to what extent can we consider animal logging as a low-impact harvesting system? |
| [11] |
Eberhard B, Trailovic Z, Magagnotti N, Spinelli R. 2025. A GIS-based decision support model (DSM) for harvesting system selection on steep terrain: integrating operational and silvicultural criteria. |
| [12] |
Tavankar F, Bonyad AE, Nikooy M, Picchio R, Venanzi R, et al. 2017. Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran. |
| [13] |
Hartsough B. 2003. Economics of harvesting to maintain high structural diversity and resulting damage to residual trees. |
| [14] |
Knežević J, Gurda S, Musić J, Halilović V, Sokolović D, et al. 2018. The impact of animal logging on residual trees in mixed fir and spruce stands. |
| [15] |
Hwang K, Han HS, Marshall SE, Page-Dumroese DS. 2018. Amount and location of damage to residual trees from cut-to-length thinning operations in a young redwood forest in northern California. |
| [16] |
Hosseini SM, Madjnonian B, Nieuwenhuis M. 2000. Damage to natural regeneration in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran: a comparison of two typical timber extraction operations. |
| [17] |
Aryal U, Neupane PR, Rijal B, Manthey M. 2022. Timber losses during harvesting in managed Shorea robusta forests of Nepal. |
| [18] |
Khadka P, Ayer K, Miya MS. 2023. Effect of irregular shelterwood system-based scientific forest management on tree species distribution, diversity, and regeneration in Shorea robusta (Sal) forest of Kailali district, Nepal. |
| [19] |
Ojha P, Acharya KR, Subedi A, Regmi S. 2024. Impact of silviculture system on regeneration status and species diversity: reflection from far-western lowland, Nepal. |
| [20] |
Pokhrel N, Timilsina S, Awasthi N, Adhikari A, Adhikari B, et al. 2024. Implications of irregular shelterwood system on regeneration and species diversity of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) forest in Nepal. |
| [21] |
Poudel A, Ayer S, Joshi R, Gautam J, Timilsina S, et al. 2024. Effect of the irregular shelterwood system on soil organic carbon stock and soil quality of Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. forest in Nepal. |
| [22] |
Ayer S. 2023. Study of phytosociological parameters and carbon stock between two community forest of different ecological regions of Udaypur District of Nepal. |
| [23] |
Badraghi N, Erler J, Hosseini SAO. 2015. Residual damage in different ground logging methods alongside skid trails and winching strips. |
| [24] |
Matangaran JR, Putra EI, Diatin I, Mujahid M, Adlan Q. 2019. Residual stand damage from selective logging of tropical forests: a comparative case study in central Kalimantan and West Sumatra, Indonesia. |
| [25] |
Ursić B, Vusić D, Papa I, Poršinsky T, Zečić Ž, et al. 2022. Damage to residual trees in thinning of broadleaf stand by mechanised harvesting system. |
| [26] |
Lee E, Lee ST, Mun HS, Chung S, Oh JH. 2024. Assessing the residual stand damage after thinning with different levels of mechanization. |
| [27] |
Kahouadji N. 2025. A comprehensive comparison of the Wald, Wilson, and adjusted Wilson confidence intervals for proportions. |
| [28] |
Jylhä P, Laitila J, Hallikainen V, Aatsinki P, Kukkonen M, et al. 2024. Seedling damage caused by wood harvesting and soil scarification in rotation and continuous cover forestry in Scots-pine-dominated boreal forests. |
| [29] |
Suhartana S, Yuniawati Y. 2019. The economic and environmentally friendly tree felling techniques in natural forest. |
| [30] |
Yuniawati Y, Dulsalam D. 2020. Residual stand damage due to timber harvesting in PT tunas timber lestari, Papua. |
| [31] |
Joshi R, Zhang H, Maraseni T, Dhakal N, Gautam J, et al. 2026. Unlocking the potential of private forests for carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, and livelihoods in Nepal. |
| [32] |
Surakka H, Sirén M, Heikkinen J, Valkonen S. 2011. Damage to saplings in mechanized selection cutting in uneven-aged Norway spruce stands. |
| [33] |
Needham JF, Arellano G, Davies SJ, Fisher RA, Hammer V, et al. 2022. Tree crown damage and its effects on forest carbon cycling in a tropical forest. |
| [34] |
Tavankar F, Majnounian B, Bonyad AE. 2013. Felling and skidding damage to residual trees following selection cutting in Caspian forests of Iran. |
| [35] |
Tavankar F, Nikooy M, Lo Monaco A, Latterini F, Venanzi R, et al. 2020. Short-term recovery of residual tree damage during successive thinning operations. |
| [36] |
Stokes V, Kerr G, Ireland D. 2009. Seedling height and the impact of harvesting operations on advance regeneration of conifer species in upland Britain. |