[1]

Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, Yin P, Zhu J, et al. 2019. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990−2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet 394:1145−1158

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30427-1
[2]

Wang C, Xu J, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhang X, et al. 2018. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China (the China Pulmonary Health [CPH] study): a national cross-sectional study. The Lancet 391:1706−1717

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30841-9
[3]

Venkatesan P. 2025. GOLD COPD report: 2025 update. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 13:e7−e8

doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00413-2
[4]

Chinese Thoracic Society, Respiratory Disease Prevention and Control Specialty Societies of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Committee of Chinese Association of Chest Physician, County Respiratory Professional Committee of China Association of Health Promotion and Education. 2024. Guidelines for peri-discharge management and follow-up of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2024 edition). Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 47:1048−1068

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240816-00488
[5]

Liu C, Xiao D, Wang C. 2017. Smoking cessation is the most effective measure for COPD prevention and treatment. Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 40:894−897 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.12.005
[6]

Fan J, Cong S, Wang N, Lv XL, Wang BH, et al. 2020. Smoking cessation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients aged 40 years or older in China, 2014−2015. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 41:1021−1027 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200124-00057
[7]

Xiang Q, Zhang C, Xu S, Li X. 2020. Effects of a smoking cessation intervention based on Timing It Right in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chinese Journal of Nursing 55:684−689 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2020.05.009
[8]

Chu S, Jing H, Liang L, Li J. 2024. Development of a theoretical framework based on the MAPR model for stage-based, individualized mobile smoking cessation interventions through systematic literature review and expert consultation. Chinese Journal of Public Health 40:1249−1253 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144459
[9]

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2020. Smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 700 pp www.cdc.gov/tobacco-surgeon-general-reports/reports/2020-smoking-cessation/index.html (Accessed on 26 September 2026)

[10]

Barroso-Hurtado M, Suárez-Castro D, Martínez-Vispo C, Becoña E, López-Durán A. 2021. Smoking cessation apps: a systematic review of format, outcomes, and features. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:11664

doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111664
[11]

Wang XD, Luo XB, Guo Q. 2022. Application and development trend of digital therapeutics in chronic disease health management. Chinese Journal of Health Management 16:51−54 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20210904-00515
[12]

Zhang GY, Sun YX, Han YL. 2023. International experience of medical insurance payment for digital therapeutics. China Health Insurance 12:100−107 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.19546/j.issn.1674-3830.2023.12.013
[13]

Liu Z. 2023. Development opportunities and challenges of digital therapeutics in China. Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation 47:473−477 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2023.05.001
[14]

Chen J, Long JY, Xiao J, Chen PX, Ouyang ZL. 2024. Analysis of global scientific research collaboration in digital therapeutics. China Medical Devices 39:1−9,22 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1633.2024.10.001
[15]

Vital Wave Consulting. 2009. mHealth for development: the opportunity of mobile technology for healthcare in the developing world. Washington, DC and Berkshire, UK: UN Foundation-Vodafone Foundation Partnership. 70 pp https://unapcict.org/sites/default/files/2019-01/mHealth%20for%20Development%20-%20The%20Opportunity%20of%20Mobile%20Technology%20for%20Healthcare%20in%20the%20Developing%20World.pdf (Accessed on 26 September 2026)

[16]

Zhao Y, Ni Q, Zhou R. 2018. What factors influence the mobile health service adoption? A meta-analysis and the moderating role of age. International Journal of Information Management 43:342−350

doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.08.006
[17]

Sheng D. 2017. Research on ICT adoption by individual users: a review of the literature from 2006 to 2016. Information Science 35:157−163,170 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.13833/j.cnki.is.2017.02.027
[18]

Davis FD, Bagozzi RP, Warshaw PR. 1989. User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science 35:982−1003

doi: 10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
[19]

Meng D, Guo Z. 2024. Influence of doctor-patient trust on the adoption of mobile medical applications during the epidemic: a UTAUT-based analysis. Frontiers in Public Health 12:1414125

doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1414125
[20]

Wang X, Wu Y, Meng Z, Li J, Xu L, et al. 2023. Willingness to use mobile health devices in the post–COVID-19 era: nationwide cross-sectional study in China. Journal of Medical Internet Research 25:e44225

doi: 10.2196/44225
[21]

Kouri A, Wong EKC, Sale JEM, Straus SE, Gupta S. 2023. Are older adults considered in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mobile health research? A scoping review. Age and Ageing 52:afad144

doi: 10.1093/ageing/afad144
[22]

Alwashmi MF, Fitzpatrick B, Farrell J, Gamble JM, Davis E, et al. 2020. Perceptions of patients regarding mobile health interventions for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mixed methods study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8:e17409

doi: 10.2196/17409
[23]

Tregobov N, Starnes K, Kassay S, Mahjoob M, Chae YSS, et al. 2024. Smoking cessation program preferences of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study. Primary Health Care Research & Development 25:e38

doi: 10.1017/S1463423624000306
[24]

Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources. 2020. Report on the Implementation of the Beijing Master Plan (2016−2035) (Written): delivered at the 26th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 15th Beijing Municipal People's Congress on November 26, 2020. Bulletin of the Standing Committee of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress. (in Chinese) www.bjrd.gov.cn/rdzl/rdcwhgb/sswjrdcwhgb202006/202101/t20210115_2220884.html (Accessed on 26 September 2026)

[25]

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. 2018. Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly. [EB/OL] 19 pp (in Chinese) www.bjdx.gov.cn/bjsdxqrmzf/zwfw/zdly/zfgs/zfyj/1827778/index.html (Accessed on 26 September 2026)

[26]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Group, Chinese Society of Respiratory Diseases, Committee on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chinese Association of Chest Physicians. 2021. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: revised version 2021. Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 44:170−205 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210109-00031
[27]

Kouri A, Gupta S, Straus SE, Sale JEM. 2023. Exploring the perspectives and experiences of older adults with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease toward mobile health: qualitative study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 25:e45955

doi: 10.2196/45955
[28]

Lu LY, Sun NN. 2024. Research on interface design strategy of smoking cessation app based on FBM behavior model. Design 37:133−137 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.20055/j.cnki.1003-0069.001868
[29]

Department of Health and Social Care. 2012. GPs to prescribe apps for patients: best health apps and ideas to revolutionise NHS for patients. [EB/OL] www.gov.uk/government/news/gps-to-prescribe-apps-for-patients (Accessed on 26 September2026)

[30]

National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Tobacco-Related Disease Group, Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS), Tobacco-Related Disease Group, Chinese Association of Chest Physicians (CACP), et al. 2026. Guideline on China clinical smoking cessation (2026). Chinese Journal of Health Management 20:369−387 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20251229-01087