| [1] |
Salaheen S, Kim SW, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS, Biswas D. 2017. Alternative growth promoters modulate broiler gut microbiome and enhance body weight gain. |
| [2] |
Yu Y, Li Q, Zeng X, Xu Y, Jin K, et al. 2022. Effects of probiotics on the growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune responses, and caecal microbiota of broilers challenged by lipopolysaccharide. |
| [3] |
Zou Q, Fan X, Xu Y, Wang T, Li D. 2022. Effects of dietary supplementation probiotic complex on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal harmful gas, and fecal microbiota in AA+ male broilers. |
| [4] |
Hai PV, Anh LX, Hoa NX. 2025. Fermented chive (Allium schoenoprasum) with Lactobacillus plantarum: a potential antibiotic alternative feed additive for broilers challenged with Escherichia coli. |
| [5] |
Wang J, Deng L, Chen M, Che Y, Li L, et al. 2024. Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: a review of the literature of the last decade. |
| [6] |
Abd El-Ghany WA. 2024. Potential effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on the performance, immunity, gut health, anti-oxidant status, blood parameters, and intestinal microbiota of poultry: an updated comprehensive review. |
| [7] |
Hai PV, Hoa NX, Phuong HTA. 2025. Fermented purple onion (Allium Cepa L.) and chive (Allium schoenoprasum) bulb extracts as antibiotic alternatives against toxin-carrying bacteria: in vitro and pathogenicity assessment in chickens. |
| [8] |
Choo S, Chin VK, Wong EH, Madhavan P, Tay ST, et al. 2020. Review: antimicrobial properties of allicin used alone or in combination with other medications. |
| [9] |
Borlinghaus J, Albrecht F, Gruhlke MC, Nwachukwu ID, Slusarenko AJ. 2014. Allicin: chemistry and biological properties. |
| [10] |
Stepien AE, Trojniak J, Tabarkiewicz J. 2024. Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties of black garlic. |
| [11] |
Vecchi V, Sabbioni G, Altieri MT, Breveglieri G, Costa S, et al. 2025. Black garlic: evolution of the chemical composition and broad biological activities. |
| [12] |
Bastaki SMA, Ojha S, Kalasz H, Adeghate E. 2021. Chemical constituents and medicinal properties of Allium species. |
| [13] |
Jiang Z, Huang Z, Du H, Li Y, Wang M, et al. 2024. Effects of high-dose glucose oxidase on broiler growth performance, antioxidant function, and intestinal microbiota in broilers. |
| [14] |
Yu M, Xu M, Wang G, Feng J, Zhang M. 2025. Effects of different photoperiods on melatonin level, cecal microbiota and breast muscle morphology of broiler chickens. |
| [15] |
Zhou G, Ge Y, Fu Y, An C, Li C, et al. 2025. Effects of dietary formic acid polymer supplementation on growth performance, blood parameters, and intestinal health in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers. |
| [16] |
Dong Y, Zheng Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Cui J, et al. 2025. Effects of high stocking density on the growth performance, intestinal health and bile salts composition of broiler chickens. |
| [17] |
Ma Y, Liu T, Chen S, Shen H, Wang J. 2025. Dietary supplementation with L-citrulline improves amino acid composition and broiler performance, and modulates gut microbiota. |
| [18] |
Marcato F, Schokker D, Kar SK, Bossers A, Harders F, et al. 2024. Effects of breed and early feeding on intestinal microbiota, inflammation markers, and behavior of broiler chickens. |
| [19] |
Tabler TW, Greene ES, Orlowski SK, Hiltz JZ, Anthony NB, et al. 2020. Intestinal barrier integrity in heat-stressed modern broilers and their ancestor wild jungle fowl. |
| [20] |
Bhatwalkar SB, Mondal R, Krishna SBN, Adam JK, Govender P, et al. 2021. Antibacterial properties of organosulfur compounds of garlic (Allium sativum). |
| [21] |
Zhao X, Lin F, Li H, Li H, Wu D, et al. 2021. Recent advances in bioactive compounds, health functions, and safety concerns of onion (Allium cepa L.). |
| [22] |
Malematja E, Manyelo TG, Ng'ambi JW, Nemauluma MFD, Kolobe SD. 2023. Effects of onion extracts (Allium cepa) inclusion in diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and bone morphometric of broiler chickens. |
| [23] |
Li H, Zhao P, Lei Y, Hossain MM, Kim IH. 2015. Phytoncide, phytogenic feed additive as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, improved growth performance and decreased excreta gas emission without adverse effect on meat quality in broiler chickens. |
| [24] |
Bai K, Feng C, Jiang L, Zhang L, Zhang J, et al. 2018. Dietary effects of Bacillus subtilis fmbj on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and its antioxidant capacity of broilers. |
| [25] |
Tsinas A, Giannenas I, Voidarou C, Tzora A, Skoufos J. 2011. Effects of an oregano based dietary supplement on performance of broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima. |
| [26] |
Abbas RZ, Colwell DD, Gilleard J. 2012. Botanicals: an alternative approach for the control of avian coccidiosis. |
| [27] |
Elbaz AM, Ashmawy ES, Salama AA, Abdel-Moneim AE, Badri FB, et al. 2022. Effects of garlic and lemon essential oils on performance, digestibility, plasma metabolite, and intestinal health in broilers under environmental heat stress. |
| [28] |
Abdulfattah AM, Alsulaimani F, Basri AM, Alqahtani NK, Uguru H, et al. 2025. Synergistic effects of turmeric, banana peels, and onion extracts on broiler performance, mechanical properties, microbial quality, and chicken meat quality assessment. |
| [29] |
Obianwuna UE, Chang X, Oleforuh-Okoleh VU, Onu PN, Zhang H, et al. 2024. Phytobiotics in poultry: revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers. |
| [30] |
Wang L, Nabi F, Zhang X, Zhou G, Shah QA, et al. 2025. Effects of LactiplantiBacillus plantarum on broiler health: integrated microbial and metabolomics analysis. |
| [31] |
Fathi M, Rezaee V. 2025. Impacts of black garlic powder on mitigating heat stress, augmenting antioxidant defenses, and enhancing broiler chicken performance. |
| [32] |
Liu Y, Wang Z, Xi W, Yuan J, Zhang K, et al. 2025. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum improves the growth performance and meat quality of broilers by regulating the cecal microbiota and metabolites. |
| [33] |
Attia YA, Hassan RA, Addeo NF, Bovera F, Alhotan RA, et al. 2023. Effects of Spirulina platensis and/or Allium sativum on antioxidant status, immune response, gut morphology, and intestinal lactobacilli and coliforms of heat-stressed broiler chicken. |
| [34] |
Balogun O, Brownmiller CR, Lee SO, Kang HW. 2024. Onion peel extract prevents intestinal inflammation via AMK-activated protein kinase activation in caco-2/HT-29 cells. |
| [35] |
Nan S, Yao M, Zhang X, Wang H, Li J, et al. 2022. Fermented grape seed meal promotes broiler growth and reduces abdominal fat deposition through intestinal microorganisms. |
| [36] |
Palamidi I, Paraskeuas VV, Mountzouris KC. 2023. Dietary and phytogenic inclusion effects on the broiler chicken cecal ecosystem. |
| [37] |
Oni AI, Oke OE. 2025. Gut health modulation through phytogenics in poultry: mechanisms, benefits, and applications. |
| [38] |
Idowu PA, Mpofu TJ, Magoro AM, Modiba MC, Nephawe KA, et al. 2025. Impact of probiotics on chicken gut microbiota, immunity, behavior, and productive performance—a systematic review. |
| [39] |
Sidiropoulou E, Skoufos I, Marugan-Hernandez V, Giannenas I, Bonos E, et al. 2020. In vitro anticoccidial study of oregano and garlic essential oils and effects on growth performance, fecal oocyst output, and intestinal microbiota in vivo. |
| [40] |
Kollar A, Selymes K, Toth G, Szekeres S, Dobra PF, et al. 2025. Development of a Clostridium perfringens challenge model in broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of feed additives. |
| [41] |
Kerek A, Roman IL, Szabo A, Papp M, Banyai K, et al. 2024. Comprehensive metagenomic analysis of veterinary probiotics in broiler chickens. |
| [42] |
Kothari D, Lee WD, Niu KM, Kim SK. 2019. The genus Allium as poultry feed additive: a review. |
| [43] |
Flees JJ, Ganguly B, Dridi S. 2021. Phytogenic feed additives improve broiler feed efficiency via modulation of intermediary lipid and protein metabolism-related signaling pathways. |
| [44] |
Lv W, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Huang J, et al. 2023. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermented Shenling Baizhu San on gut microbiota, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function of yellow-plumed broilers. |
| [45] |
Reiter J, Levina N, van der Linden M, Gruhlke M, Martin C, et al. 2017. Diallylthiosulfinate (allicin), a volatile antimicrobial from garlic (Allium sativum), kills human lung pathogenic bacteria, including MDR strains, as a vapor. |
| [46] |
Liao S, Liao L, Huang P, Wang Y, Zhu S, et al. 2022. Effects of different levels of garlic straw powder on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant and intestinal mucosal morphology of yellow-feathered broilers. |
| [47] |
Shahbaz F, Muccee F, Shahab A, Safi SZ, Alomar SY, et al. 2024. Isolation and in vitro assessment of chicken gut microbes for probiotic potential. |
| [48] |
da Silva JMS, De Souza Almeida AM, Borsanelli AC, de Athayde FRF, de Paula Nascente E, et al. 2024. Intestinal microbiome profiles in broiler chickens raised with different probiotic strains. |
| [49] |
Horyanto D, Bajagai YS, Kayal A, von Hellens J, Chen X, et al. 2024. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens probiotics mix supplementation in a broiler leaky gut model. |
| [50] |
Madej JP, Wozniak-Biel A, Gaweł A, Bobrek K. 2025. Boosting broiler health and productivity: the impact of in ovo probiotics and early posthatch feeding with Bacillus subtilis, Lactiplantibacillus fermentum, and Enterococcus faecium. |
| [51] |
Olagunju LK, Adelusi OO, Dele PA, Shaw Y, Brice RM, et al. 2025. Effects of onion peel inclusion on in vitro fermentation, methane and carbon dioxide emissions, and nutrient degradability in dairy cow diets. |
| [52] |
Herich R, Szaboova R, Karaffova V, Racines MP, Sefcova MA, et al. 2025. A narrative review on the impact of probiotic supplementation on muscle development, metabolic regulation, and fiber traits related to meat quality in broiler chickens. |
| [53] |
Goncalves M, Vale N, Martins da Costa P, Silva P. 2025. Xenobiotics and broiler microbiota: molecular insights into bacterial antimicrobial resistance and food safety implications for human health. |
| [54] |
Cuccato M, Scaglione FE, Centelleghe C, Divari S, Biolatti B, et al. 2022. Assessment of antimicrobial effects on broiler gut barrier through histopathology and immuno histochemistry of tight-junction proteins. |
| [55] |
Rusli RK, Sadarman S, Hidayat C, Sholikin MM, Hilmi M, et al. 2022. A meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of garlic supplementation on performance and blood lipids profile of broiler chickens. |
| [56] |
Ibrahim D, Sewid AH, Arisha AH, Abd El-Fattah AH, Abdelaziz AM, et al. 2020. Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on growth, gene expression of gut integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chickens. |
| [57] |
Cascajosa-Lira A, Andreo-Martínez P, Prieto AI, Banos A, Guillamon E, et al. 2022. In vitro toxicity studies of bioactive organosulfur compounds from Allium spp. with potential application in the agri-food industry: a review. |
| [58] |
Adaszynska-Skwirzynska M, Szczerbinska D. 2017. Use of essential oils in broiler chicken production—a review. |